Neoclassical Theory Of Keynesian Theory - 1578 Words

ECOP2011 Where are the Neoclassical elements in the Neoclassical-Keynesian synthesis? In what way does it differ from the Cambridge (UK) view of Keynesian economics? Intro The Neoclassical-Keynesian synthesis contains theoretical principles and ideas from both the Neoclassical school of economic thought and Keynes’ General Theory. The UK Cambridge Post Keynesian view of economics also contains elements from both these schools, yet the Neoclassical Keynesian synthesis and the UK Cambridge Keynesian bodies of economic thought differ in their views, methods and ideas. The two schools utilise different models to reach the similar conclusion that the economy will tend towards full employment equilibrium in a long run situation – a conclusion that complements a Neoclassical ideology or perspective of capitalism as a market based organisation of society’s production, distribution and consumption. It can be argued, then, that although there are several examples of Neoclassical principles within the Neoclassical Keynesian synthesis, that the general acceptance of a general equilibrium situation in the long run is the defining Neoclassical f eature. The paper will first examine the Neoclassical elements in the synthesis school of thought, with reference to its defining IS/LM model, the Phillips Curve and the Solow-Swan Growth model. The UK Cambridge Keynesian school rejects Hicks and Hansens’ IS/LM model, and instead utilises proportionately more Keynesian ideas in its body ofShow MoreRelatedComparison Of RawlsTheory Of Justice1724 Words   |  7 Pages Rawls’ Theory of Justice and Neoclassical theory are similar, but not fundamentally compatible. While Rawls does spend a lot of time focusing on specialization and private ownership, both of which Adam Smith and the neoclassical school strongly endorse. However, there are certain contradictions between the Rawls’ Theory of Justice and neoclassical thought that Bradford brings up in his paper â€Å"The Economics of Rawlsian Justice: Can it be Neoclassical?†. These contradictions are mainly the disparitiesRead MoreNeoclassical Economics Vs. Ke ynesian Economics1583 Words   |  7 Pagesschools thought that are neoclassical economics and Keynesian economics.Therefore, this essay will compare the two economics school thought. The neoclassical economics believes that free market tends to be equilibrium and Keynesian economics asserts that the periodical financial crisis is a fact,but it can be solved by appropriate government intervention. Firstly, from neoclassical economics perspective, the neoclassical economic thought inherits the most important theory of classical economics schoolRead MoreThe Economic Schools Of Thought1445 Words   |  6 PagesFreshwater developed from previous schools of thought as new macroeconomic ideas were discussed and disputed. Neoclassical synthesis was a postwar movement in economics that absorbed the macroeconomic theories of John Maynard Keynes and the theories of neoclassical economics to formulate a synthesis of Keynesian macroeconomics and neoclassical microeconomics. John Hicks developed this theory, presenting it in 1937 and mathematical economist Paul Samuelson coined the term â€Å"synthesis† in his influentialRead MoreWhy Unemployment Is Important?1384 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the month of October in 2014 in the United States. Why talking about unemployment is important? Well, information about unemployment and other market forces will be very helpful to the reader when the time of talking and explaining how the neoclassical economics, market forces operating in the labor market, assure that the economy will not suffer from prolonged bouts or periods of high unemployment occurs. Economists define unemployment as: a person who is willing to work at the current wageRead MoreThe Keynes ian Era During The Middle Of The Nineteenth Century1720 Words   |  7 PagesBefore the â€Å"Keynesian† era in the middle of the nineteenth century, economists Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Mathus, and John Stuart Mill all shared somewhat similar economic views of the world. Some of the main concepts covered during this time included the division of labor, theories of rent, value, and distribution, theories of market â€Å"gluts† and population, and opportunity cost, competition, and trade. These classical economists believed capitalism was the foundation for an efficient economyRead MoreNew Classical Macroeconomics Arose From The Monetarism And Rational Expectation School Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagesallowed to play its role spontaneously, which could solve the unemployment, recession and a series of macroeconomic issues. Keynesian economists believe that changes in the money supply will lead to changes in effective demand that will changes in the total econom y. For economic cycle fluctuation, Keynesian economists believe that is a disequilibrium phenomenon. In 1960s, Keynesian economists appealed to the Phillips curve, which means monetary or fiscal policy will lead to lower unemployment rate andRead MoreUnexpected Shocks in the Economy Lead to Fluctuation721 Words   |  3 PagesBusiness cycle theories and their improvements are very interesting topics till now (although it is twentieth century product) because every economy wants a stables growth path but there are some expected or unexpected shocks which leads to fluctuations, as a result whole economy fluctuates. We are unable to foresee such fluctuations, so economists try their best in studying related situations in their country and rest of the world. They can ´t afford applying a policy and its results. May be theRead MoreClassical and Neoclassical Economists: Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes1289 Words   |  6 Pageshow those economic ideas, revolutionary theories of m any economists, that helped to shape the economic structure as we know it now, through many individuals and school of economic though that has existed through the ages. These schools are â€Å"the mercantilists, the physiocrats, the classical economists, Marxian economics, the neoclassical economists and the monetarist economics. For this essay I will only refer to the classical economists and the neoclassical economists. The two most influential economistsRead MoreEssay on Keynesian Revolution1244 Words   |  5 PagesKeynesian Revolution Classical economic theory assumed that a ‘free-market’ economy is a ‘self regulating’ system that continually tends toward a full-employment equilibrium, with optimum economic benefits for everyone. Therefore, the best government economic policy is to ‘excuse itself’ and give utmost freedom to individual enterprise. A key element of the ‘Keynesian revolution’ was its demonstration that these basic assumptions are false, both in theory and practice, and its assertionRead MoreKayne vs Hayek1370 Words   |  6 Pagesoutput, consumption, unemployment, inflation, savings, investment, international trade and international finance. The two major theories of economics are Classical Economics and Keynesian Economics. Classical economists believe that markets function very well, will quickly react to any changes in equilibrium and that a â€Å"laissez faire† government policy works best. Keynesian economists believe that markets react very slowly to changes in equilibrium (especial to changes in prices) and that active government

The Most Important Features of the Bretton Woods Agreement Essay

Essays on The Most Important Features of the Bretton Woods Agreement Essay The paper "The Most Important Features of the Bretton Woods Agreement" is an outstanding example of an essay on marketing. According to studies, globalization has led to tremendous changes in the economic environment. The capital movements continue to become bigger as well as less controllable with time (Wildand Wild, 2011). This, as a result, means that the necessity for stabilizing systems becomes apparent. Such a system was developed at the Bretton woods conference some years ago. John Maynard Keynes, a British economist in the year 1944 stressed the significance of the rule-based regimes to make the business expectations stable (Wild and Wild, 2011). This is something that he was in agreement with the fixed exchange rates of the Bretton woods system. Over the current years, the leading industrial states have been advocating for the renewing of the reason and role as well as the spirit of the Bretton, system to withstand the mounting size of capital flows and the global trade (Wil d and Wild, 2011).Studies have indicated that most States have tried to resuscitate the gold standard following the First World War. However, this collapsed completely over the great depression of the 1930s (Wild and Wild, 2011). According to some economists, compliance with the gold standard was a hindrance to the expansion of money rapidly by the monetary authorities to resuscitate the economic activity (Eichengreen, 1996). The representatives of the world’s leading nations held a meeting in New Hampshire to create a new international monetary system in the year 1944. This is because the US as at that time was responsible for more than half of the globe’s capacity to manufacture. In addition, it also held most of the gold from the universe (Eichengreen, 1996). The leaders, therefore, concluded that they needed to tie the currencies from the world to the dollar. After they agreed that, this should be converted into gold at a cost of around 35 dollars per ounce v.This essay aims at describing the main important features of the Bretton Wood Agreement. It identifies the reasons as to why the Bretton woods system broke down and lastly what replaced it after its break down.Bretton Woods Agreement most important featuresEvidently, the term is used to refer to the breakthrough system for monetary as well as management exchange rate, which was developed in the year 1944 (Dormael, 1978). The agreement was established in a United Nations conference on monetary and financial, which was held at the Bretton Woods, New Hampshire between 1st and 22nd July the year 1944. The main results of the conference comprised the formation of an International bank for development and reconstruction, International monetary fund, the suggested establishment of a modifiable pegged foreign exchange rate system (Dormael, 1978). It is apparent that the currencies were pegged to gold. In addition, the International Monetary Fund was bestowed with the mandate to intercede when th ere is an imbalance of trade (Wild and Wild, 2011).

Ups Essay Free Essays

UPS Introduction Operations Management is a vital and fundamental key to any successful business. This form of management helps a company become more efficient, effective, and most importantly, customer satisfying. For our groups Business analysis, we studied the operational tools and ideas implemented by United Parcel Service (UPS). We will write a custom essay sample on Ups Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now UPS is the world’s largest package delivery company and is always on the cutting edge of efficient delivery. Within our research of UPS, we studied aspects of facility layout, logistics, and demand management. Along the way we relate what we found with our classes’ operations book. History Now a billion dollar company, UPS had a very humble beginning. In 1907, a young man in Seattle, Washington named James E. Casey borrowed a $100 from a friend to create The American Messenger Company. James, along with his brother and friends, delivered packages, letters, and even food to restaurants locally. Since cars were still limited at this time, the deliveries were made by foot or bicycle. Even though the company was young, it thrived because, â€Å"Jim Casey? s strict policies of customer courtesy, reliability, round-the-clock service, and low rates† (United Parcel Service, 1994-2010). These are the very same principles that the company operated by today. In 1913 technology began to have its place in the company, when they purchased their first car, which was a Model T Ford. They also changed their name from The American Messenger Company to Merchants Parcel Delivery, resulting from a merge with a competing company. The simple name change foreshadowed what the company would be known for from then on. The new name â€Å"reflected a shift in the primary focus of the business from messages to packages† (United Parcel Service, 1994-2010). The company kept purchasing delivery vehicles and finally was able to expand out of Seattle. In 1919, the company once and for all adopted its present name, United Parcel Service, and expanded to Oakland, California. From then on, UPS has grown to be a leading provider of delivery service, and has been on the cutting edge of specialization of the required processes to carry out their services. Facility Layout UPS provides a critical link for many company supply chains. To get products from manufacturer/supplier to customers, companies all around the world use UPS as their â€Å"middle man† for deliveries. To handle such demand, UPS has to be extremely efficient and can’t afford unnecessary costs. One way to cut costs and remain efficient is to have an appropriate facility layout. Once a package has left a local UPS office, they get shipped off to one of the regional air hubs. The busiest and largest UPS air hub is in Louisville, KY. The layout of this extremely vast facility at 550 acres is essential to the flow of parcels and letters through the system. As we learned in class, there are 4 basic types of layout formats: workcenter, assembly line, manufacturing cell, and project layout. Out of these four formats, the UPS air hub mostly resembles an assembly line. An assembly line is defined as â€Å"equipment or work processes arranged according to the progressive steps† (Jacobs, Chase, Aquilano, 2009, p. 221). Even though a product isn’t being assembled, a package flows in a progressive system through the facility getting sorted and filtered out as needed. This process is highly automated using bar codes and scanners to do the necessary sorting. Human hands are only needed for unloading and loading packages onto conveyer belts, and packing pods for the airplanes. Once unloaded from a plane, a package gets loaded on to conveyer belts that total 122 miles. The belt runs the package through scanners and weight scales. The scanner and scale tells the system the type, shape, and weight of the package. After it is scanned, packages get sorted to smalls, parcels, or irregulars. When the package has been sorted by type, machines continue to scan and group them by destination all the way down to zip codes. Because of the high automation of the system, the air hub avoids a key problem a lot of assembly lines run into, assembly line balancing. Assembly line balancing is â€Å"the problem of assigning all the tasks to a series of workstations so that each workstation has no more than can be done†¦. nd so that idle time across all workstations is minimized† (Jacobs, Chase, Aquilano, 2009, p. 228). Since machines can be synced with one another, processes flow in a consistent, calculated manner. Having a facility laid out in this manner allows for high efficiency, because packages are continuously being processed through the system at high speeds and low costs. Demand Management Running such a large company can come with many obstacles and challenges. For a company like UPS, these challenges can come with the need to forecast the projected demand for shipping. UPS has gotten every process it does down to the smallest detail, and is practically a science. They can accurately predict the volume they will be shipping, whether it is daily, weekly, or yearly; sometimes so accurate, the forecast is within a few pieces. When forecasting volume, UPS takes many things into consideration. UPS looks at the previous year’s volume shipped on a certain day, and strangely is very accurate to the volume being shipped on the current day. The bigger companies that ship through UPS tend to ship very consistently, allowing for UPS to be more accurate in their forecast. Taking the past volumes into consideration, logistics and planning people look at how much the city has grown in the past year. They then take the growth percentage and apply it to the previous year’s volume. This method tends to give accurate projections of what the company has in store for them on any given day. Sales of major manufacturers are also taken into account when forecasting. When UPS’s leading shippers, such as Wal-Mart, have these huge sales, UPS can just about guarantee that the volume of packages from that company is going to increase. There is a time of year that everyone at UPS anticipates; that time of year is Peak Season. Let’s just say that every year around the holidays, Santa has been lazy and uses UPS as his major way to ship. The holidays, or peak season, is when UPS realizes its greatest volumes for the year. Demand for its service increases greatly, beginning right before what we call â€Å"Black Friday†. Every year before peak season, materials such as empty pods, are sent to the bigger air hubs because of the increased demand. Plane scheduling is also revised; bigger planes are sent to the bigger cities with busier routes, while smaller planes are sent to places that aren’t as big but with increased frequency of arrivals. Also, people are hired seasonally to help deal with the increased workload. After the Christmas season, things begin returning to normal, but UPS always has a sure bet that they will always have great business around that time. Not always is the demand for shipping as high as peak season, it tends to decrease at certain times of the year. UPS has implemented many solutions to try to deal with this decreased demand. In one program, UPS encourages its employees to actively go out and â€Å"recruit† potential customers. Whether it is a family member who owns a business, or a store who currently uses FedEx, the employees are asked to go out and aggressively take business away from competition. When a sales lead is given to management, a professional sales person is sent out to the business interested, and goes over options and different pricing discounts UPS can offer. If the potential lead indeed becomes a new customer, the original employee who gave the lead is given a percentage of the sale from every package ship. This is an incentive UPS gives for their employees to actively go out there and create demand for the company. How to cite Ups Essay, Essay examples

Journeys Essay Example For Students

Journeys Essay JourneyA Lifetime of Journeys Journey is an important theme found in Asian Americanworks. Although journey, by travel from one place to another is a common form ofjourney, the journey through life in search of success is also an importanttheme. In Asian American Literature, an anthology by Shawn Wong, who has beenrecognized for his works ofpublished poetry, fiction, essays, and reviews thereare many references to journeys. Why does journey play such an important part ofthe lives of Asian Americans? What kinds of journeys does the literature ofAsian Americans depict? What is the significance of journey in Asian Americanpieces? Journey is important to Asian Americans, because like so many othercultures, they too, are in search of a better way of life. The AmericanDream, is what everyone desires to achieve. The opportunity to make a goodliving and the freedom that America claims to offer is enough to entice anyone. We will write a custom essay on Journeys specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Blossoming of Bongbong in Asian American Literature, by JessicaHagedon, who is from the Philippines and came to the United States in 1962 andhas published work, is about a character named Antonio Gargazulio-Duarte whomakes his way to America in search of the American Dream. Antonio, alsoknown as Bongbong, wanted to realize his dreams and felt that he would neverachieve them in Manila. Bongbong finally left Manila on a plane for SanMobley-May 2 Francisco. He was deathly afraid (Wong 203). Even thoughBongbong was fearful of what he might find in America, he was determined to goafter the opportunities he sought. Journeys take many forms in the writings,plays, movies and art of Asian Americans. Journeys are taken from nativecountries to America, from one place to another in America, and the life spenttrying to succeed or actually succeeding in their dreams. For instance, in CathySongs poem The Youngest Daughter it says She knows I am not to betrusted, even now planning my escape ( 381). The child in this poem desiresescape from herself and her family, especially her mother. Then in the playThe Music Lessons, by Wakako Yamauchi, who is a second generation JapaneseAmerican woman, she describes the suffering, hardships and the adapting that thefirst generation and successive generations of women from Japan had endured inthe United States beginning in the early 1900s. Aki Sakata, who is a fifteenyear old female character in the play wants a better life for herself. She isfearful she will endure the same type of hardship her mother was experiencing. Aki tells her mother I know about them and I dont want to stick aroundand become the kind of woman you are (445). Aki believes that a much olderman then herself would provide her opportunity to escape the hard work offarming that her mother must do to provide for her and her two brothers. Anotherform of journey takes place in the movie Sister, Double Happiness, written anddirected by Mina Shun, when Jade who yearns to become an actress rebels againsther familys morals and traditions. Her wishes to become an actress areextremely Mobley-May 3 unacceptable by her father. Both her parents wereconstantly trying to persuade her to explore something else. Jade struggles tofind her identity and to fit in. It was unacceptable in this family to move fromhome before being married and if you did, as in Jades decision to do so, youwere disowned and denied a return home. Jade left her family to seek out herdream and her father took her house key from her, so that she would not be ableto come home . Asian Americans Literature depicts many forms of journey andthey are similar to one another, yet they are individual journeys forthemselves. Journey is significant to Asian American literature, because of thedesire to succeed and fit in. This is something that I think everyone wants,whether they are Asian, Hispanic, African American or of any other culturalbackground. I know that I want to succeed and I want to fit in some where. Goalsare important and one must make a journey if they are to reach their goal. Thejourney does not have to be a physical move from one place to another, it can bea journey of the mind, but indeed a journey must be made. My step-grandmother,who is from the Philippines made several journeys throughout her life andcontinues to make journeys. She was educated in the Philippines where shereceived her teaching degree. She came to the United States where she taught forover thirty years at Cleveland Elementary School in Stockton, California. It wasat this school that she received fulfillment in teaching Asian minorities. Herteaching career ended shortly after a shooting that occurred on the play yardwhere she was Mobley-May 4 scheduled to be on yard duty that day, but hadswitched with another teacher. This act of violence, that was undisputedlydirected at Asians, was her sign that she would retire. It shook our wholefamily up, that this could or would ever happen right here in our very own town. .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 , .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .postImageUrl , .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 , .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373:hover , .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373:visited , .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373:active { border:0!important; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373:active , .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373 .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u977bd9b08e42ad626d3b1fc4e94a1373:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Ibis EssayShe now travels the world seeing as many countries and places a year that shecan with her husband, who is Caucasian. The difference she made to the childrenin that school took nearly a lifetime and I see the joy it has brought to herlife. Journeys take many forms and it is an important message conveyed in AsianAmerican literature, because it is something we all must endure to reach ourgoals. I hope to make many journeys in my life down the road of success, just asthose of a minority background do. Journeys, however, are not always for thebest and they do not always turn out how they were planned, but it is thejourney which makes us stronger and enable s us to learn from our mistakes. Themessage of journey in the Asian American works.

Gender, Economy, Politics and Family

Table of Contents Introduction The Social Costs What the government does, not how many people do it Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Costs incurred in reducing or eliminating services provided by the government depend largely on the functional level of the government. In the US, there are three government levels, the federal government, state government, and local government. Costs also depend on the type of services given, these can be defensive, entitlement, and educational.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender, Economy, Politics and Family specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also depend on time; there are times that they can be reduced or totally eliminated, time here means, times of war and times of peace; cost tend to be high in times of war and lower when there is peace (Henderson 71). The Social Costs When reading about Huffington’s debate â€Å"Guns vs. Butter† 2010, one gets the impression that reducing costs on defensive services when there is a prevailing period of calmness and peace, and then this will greatly favor the interests of the country. If this happens, then there will be little social costs incurred. From this debate, it is clear that the social costs realized when trying to reduce defense services have little or no effect on the country. This is elaborated by Henderson’s data. This data proposes that if the nation actively seeks diplomacy in an effort to prevent any war, then it will have a better chance of providing butter to its people (Huffington 1). Reducing or completely doing away with entitlement programs such as social security as highlighted in the production of â€Å"butter† will see the country face immediate social costs. This is shown by Carl when he explains about the social class in the US. He indicates that a bigger proportion of the US population will at some point, need assistance from the government. This impli es that eliminating social security services will increase the country’s social costs. This means that marginalized groups, which include, the poor, the disabled, and the elderly, will be required to find alternative means of earning a living. The minorities, those in the lower social class and surviving on meager incomes will feel the greatest impact (Huffington 1). When you consider education, a socialized service in the US where it is compulsory for kids in grades K-12, its reduction or elimination will bring about significant social costs. At present, many parents rely on the socialized education system to provide their kids with the basic education.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that most of them do not depend on the private learning institutions for K-12 education. One can easily predict what would happen in case K-12 education was eliminated. Such a mo ve will force parents to look for private education for their kids. This is not an education system that they are used to; this system will produce a totally different generation of young people with no basic educational skills. Absence of basic skills will mean that this group of Americans will miss out on the opportunities for living decent lives. Such a situation will relegate America to the social class of third world countries. This also means that current students would not be in college now, neither would their professors be teaching them now if the education system is eliminated (Huffington 1). What the government does, not how many people do it People have argued that the most important issue about the big government is what it does rather than the number of people doing it. This can elicit different views and feelings from different people depending on how their respective governments serve them. However, according to me, I feel that only asking about â€Å"what the gover nment does, not how many people do it† can not tackle the many issues that people have to contend with in their respective countries. But because this question is about American, one can understand where it is coming from. Such an argument is made because the United States has a two party political system. It therefore, follows that statement also has two sides to address the political structure in this nation. The two parties in the US, the democrats and the republicans, have their respective answers to this statement. This means that they only give two answers to this statement. But as you and I know, an argument usually has more than just two sides to it. Currently, health care is the most debated issue in the United States. This is the best example of what the American government can give its citizens as a service. If a national health care system is put in place, then there will develop a vacuum in positions that have a relationship with health care. However, at this time there is no threat because this system is not yet in place. However, if by any chance this system is implemented, then a way of filling the above mentioned positions will have to be sought by any means. This move will compromise the existing health care institutions both public and private in terms of increasing their workforce. In a way, the created positions will help in reducing the unemployment rate that currently stands just above ten percent in the United States. Of course this can only happen if the government takes an initiative of filling these positions (Torrey 1). During President Bush’s reign, telephone conversations were wiretapped by NSA; this is what the government does. NSA needs employees for the government to carry out its duties. It is therefore, clear that both what the government does and the number of those doing it are important.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender, Economy, Politics and Family specifically for you f or only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, dealing with what the government does alone will be belittling the powers of the government because the government is structured into programs, tasks, order, all of which should be addressed. Such as statement will therefore, not conclusively answer all the issues that the government deals with. Conclusion Basing on the above suggestion, then one can comfortably ask what the government does, and not how many people do it? Many questions can then arise. For instance, in doing so, is the government in any way helping its people? The answer to this will address what the government does. One can also look at how health care is provided to the American people. Here, one will look at how many people are providing these services. Looking at these two positions, one can then know if the argument given by either side is good or bad. But, according to my understanding, I think that both statements are valid. One should look at what the government does and the number of people doing it. This question should also address how the people are affected at all times, be it during war or in peace. Works Cited Henderson, Anthony. Democracy and war: the end of an illusion? New York: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002. Print. Huffington, Arianna. Guns vs. Butter. HuffingtonPost, 2010. Web. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/guns-vs-butter-2010_b_548620 Torrey, Trish. Understanding Healthcare  Reform. Patients, 2010. Web. https://www.verywellhealth.com/understanding-healthcare-reform-2615382 This essay on Gender, Economy, Politics and Family was written and submitted by user Gibson Hood to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

40 Back From Christmas Break Writing Prompts

40 Back From Christmas Break Writing Prompts Christmas break is over and now its time to get back into the swing of things. Your students will be very eager to talk about all that they did and received over the holiday break. A great way to give them the opportunity to discuss their adventures is to write about it. Christmas Break Writing Prompts What was the best gift that you received and why?What was the best gift that you gave, and what made it so special?Write about a place that you went over the Christmas break.Write about something you did with your family over Christmas break.How did you bring joy or happiness to someone other than your family this holiday season?What are your familys holiday traditions? Describe all of them in detail.What is your favorite Christmas book? Did you get to read it over break?Are there any parts of the holiday that you didnt like? Describe why.What are you most grateful for this holiday season?What was your favorite holiday food that you had over break?Who was the person you spent the most time with and why? What did you do with them?What would you do if Christmas, Hannukah, or Kwanza was canceled this year?What is your favorite holiday song to sing? Did you get a chance to sing it?What did you miss the most about school when you were on break and why?What was one new thing you did this h oliday break that you didnt do last year? What will you miss the most about Christmas vacation and why?Did you get to see a movie over winter break? What was it and how was it? Give it a rating.Think of three New Years resolutions and describe them and how you will keep them.How will you change your life this year? Describe the steps you are going to take.Write about the best New Years Eve party that you have ever attended.What did you do for New Years Eve? Describe in detail your day and night.Write about something you are looking forward to doing this year and why.Write about something you hope will get invented this year that will change your life.This will be the best year because†¦I hope that this year brings me†¦.Make a list of five ways your life is different this year than it was last year.Its the day after Christmas and you noticed you forgot to unwrap just one gift†¦This year I really want to learn†¦.In the next year, I would like to†¦.My least favorite thing about Christmas break was†¦List three places you wish you could have visited over winter break and why. If you had a million dollars, how would you spend it over winter break?What if Christmas only lasted one hour? Describe what it would be like.What if Christmas break was for one three days, how would you spend it?Describe your favorite holiday food and how you can incorporate that food into every meal?Write a letter to Santa thanking him for everything you received.Write a letter to the toy company about a defective toy you received.Write a letter to your parents thanking them for everything you received for Christmas,If you were an elf how would you spend your Christmas vacation?Pretend you are Santa and describe how you will spend your Christmas break. Celebrate the Holidays with Christmas Activities

Have people become overly dependent on technology Research Paper

Have people become overly dependent on technology - Research Paper Example Human beings have become too dependent on technology to survive without it, considering that in the current world, all human beings rely on tools, devices and equipment or systems to make work easier for them. For example, human beings use technology to grow food, acquisition of good shelter, transport and communication, entertainment and even education. Technology can be loosely described as all that is a collection or composition of devices, skills, knowledge and the application in their application. All this makes the human work very easy to accomplish. Technology is the art or craft where human beings use their abilities through processes and knowledge to satisfy daily needs. Technology has always existed from time immemorial and what has been changing is the complexity of the relevant technical know-how. In ancient times, human beings used primitive forms of technology, for example harnessing of fire by rubbing two sticks together or the use of flints as blades. Today, technolog y has gone to higher levels for example innovations in communication technology and internet. Equally, there has been an advance in medical circles that has made human beings live a more comfortable life. This includes research in stem cell therapy, test tube babies and even vaccines. In the field of transport, human beings have become overly reliant on more efficient modes of transport that have come as a result of technology, and this includes dream liners, faster electric trains or trams and electric cars, which also includes transport modes such as cable cars and hot-air balloons. Technology has had a great impact in the daily running of the human lives. These effects exhibit themselves either positively or negatively. Human beings rely on technology to make their work simpler thus accruing the benefits that go a long way in improving lifestyles. Such technology for example internet has come with its advantage of making communication easier. Technology has made the world seem li ke what is normally known as a global village (Mooij, 2004). This is so in that it brings individuals closer to each other through constant communication and interaction. For example, social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook and MySpace allow people to share a lot such as updates, photos, biographies and even share interests. The internet has also enabled faster communication in the sense that people get instant feedback on their communications. This can be accomplished through chats, emails and skyping. The creation of hot spots and wireless networks have enabled people to access the internet even in the remotest parts of a country thus enabling easier and faster communication. According to Kizza (2001), technological advances have enabled human beings to produce and secure data that is important in the day to day running of human life. Technology also allows human beings to have proper planning in their daily lives. For example, when you lose data contained in books and y ou wish to

Biology project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Ethical Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Decision Making - Essay Example Finding out the nature of the problem is important (Johnson 310). Identification of the affected parties is the next step. It is necessary to understand the stakeholders to get a clear picture of what lead to the problem as stated. Apart from consulting the affected, one should also try to hear from the witnesses. Clarity of the issue at this point must have come out. It helps stabilize the next step. The third step is exploring options available. It enhances brainstorming and reflects on a range of actions possible. In every potential problem, at least three options should be availed. From these options, one explores the strengths and limitations of them all. Identification of directly related problems is necessary. Before the decision comes out, it is wise to establish a mechanism for revision appeal (Johnson 139). The next step is to consider your character and integrity on the choices of options made. It is wise to try to picture out the type of decision a relevant member of the community will make out of integrity. Also, try to imagine what the larger population will think of your decision if they read in a publication. Would it be the best? You should also try to think of how your decision appears later on in life (Johnson 243). The fifth step is to think creatively about potential actions. One must have at least two alternatives to consider. Considering the two, one should come up with a third alternative that combines the idea of both the two alternatives. The third alternative should satisfy the interest of the primary parties in the situation. The sixth step is to check your confidence in the choice. It gives one the courage to give the decision openly with substantial reasons for his choice. It is more advantageous if one is experienced in the subject. If not, then it is good to consult an expert and here what he says about the solution.

Registered Nurses Might Develop Appropriate Leadership Skills Nursing Essay

Registered Nurses Might Develop Appropriate Leadership Skills Nursing Essay The purpose of this assignment is to examine how registered nurses develop appropriate leadership skills, and how this can be implemented in improving a patients care requirements. Throughout this discussion I will give a definition of leadership, types of leadership models and theorist. Examine the KSF (Knowledge Skills Framework) and PDP (Personal Development Portfolio) and discuss the skills and knowledge that nurses need in order to succeed and develop the leadership skills that will be used in improving the patients overall care outcomes. I will use tools such as the internet eg. CINHAL, Caledonian University library, Blackboard, various journals and books to ensure the information provided is up to date and current within modern day practices and techniques within the nursing profession. Leadership, according to Grim (2010), is a complex entity, there are many definitions, Benton (2005), described leadership as the art of influencing people to accomplish the mission, another definition by Huczynski and Buchanan (1991), defines leadership as; a social process in which one individual influences the behaviour of others without threats or violence. Cook, (2001),  stated that; Leadership is not merely a series of skills or tasks; rather, it is an attitude that informs behavior. When we think of leaders we think of great people such as Churchill, Kennedy, Florence Nightingale and many more, these people are regarded as leaders because they had a vision to change things for the better, they inspired their fellow men with words of wisdom, they challenged authority and seized on opportunities. There are different styles of leadership; Autocratic, these types of leaders set their own goals; they do this without allowing other team members to participate in the decision making, (Faugier Woolnough, 2002). Bureaucratic, this is where the leadership has no grey areas they stick to the rules, regulations, and policies rigidly. Participative leader, these leaders allow staff to participate in making decisions, they delegate and pick fellow staff to participate in the decision making. The feeling is that this type of leadership would allow members of the team to feel more committed to the goals set out as they would be part of the team that set them out. (Faugier Woolnough, 2002). Laissez faire leadership is a more risky kind of leadership as the staff members are left to their own devices in meeting the goals set out. According to Faugier Woolnough, (2002), Ellis and Abbott (2009), a better and fairer leadership style may be situational leadership, this style allows the leader to switch between all the above styles depending on the situation they are dealing with and the competence of the workforce he or she is working with at that time. There are some theorists who believe that leadership is in-born and that some traits of a leaders personality such as intelligence, initiative and confidence are what creates leaders. (Goffee and Jones, 2000). There are those who disagree, Kouzes and Posner (2002) for example, argue that the skills of a leader are observable and learnable. Ellis and Abbott (2009), agree with, Faugier Woolnough, (2002), when looking at models of leadership see that some theorists believe that people get intrinsic satisfaction when given more control over their work they tend to be more productive and better motivated. The clinical governance and the policy and procedure manuals are all pushing for nurses to be autonomous practitioners, to lead teams, to give patients guidance in looking after their own health. In order to do these nurses have to inspire and motivate their patients and staff. Timmons and McCabe (2009). As a newly qualified registered nurse, leadership will be a daunting thought, being the newest member of staff, the leadership mantle will not rest on easy shoulders, but Knowledge and skills must be kept up to date throughout the practitioners working life,. (NMC 2004) by taking part in learning activities such as the KSF, a learning tool, that develops the practitioners competence and performance. Throughout the NHS the ongoing training tool which is most commonly applied is the KSF. This is an effective tool used to show the broad skills and knowledge that a nurse or practitioner needs to be effective in their particular post or position. The framework was introduced alongside the Agenda for Change (AfC) pay system to ensure every NHS nurse receives an annual review to assess the knowledge and skills required to do his or her job. The aims of the KSF were to show clear and consistent development objectives so that practitioners were aware of what skills would be needed for their chosen role, to help and encourage the development of staff in such a way that they can apply the newly gained knowledge and skills to their post and to help identify any knowledge and skills that may support career progression and encourage the need for life long learning. The KSF will ensure that practitioners are fit to practice and continue to provide a framework for good quality care. (Hinchcliff 2009) The KSF also highlighted that a review should take place annually, this would be provided by the practitioners line manager to agree to any personal development plans that the practitioner may have, if the KSF, is implemented correctly, nurses will have the adequate training and skills to carry out their role effectively. Therefore the KSF will help to raise the clinical standard and standardise the abilities of the staff in specific roles throughout the NHS. (Tanton 2009). Health, safety and security are the key aspects of the job which the KSF describes; it makes it clear that it is vital that everyone takes responsibility for the safety, health and security of patients and clients, the public, colleagues and themselves. It shows that as staff move forward in their careers that their roles and responsibilities for health, safety and security also progress and that different levels of competence are required. (DoH 2004) The DoH (2006) is driving a key initiative to facilitate the development of nursing careers across the UK. Four key priority areas have been identified to address this they are; Develop a competent and flexible workforce. Update career pathways and career choices; Prepare nurses to lead, in a changed health care system; Modernise the image of nursing and nursing careers. (DOH, 2006, p.17) Leadership skills are being implemented at the start of the nurse training program, communication, listening, self awareness, empathy, motivation, reflection, critical thinking and problem solving, these skills will be required from every registered nurse from the onset of their career. The knowledge and skills that are obtained are needed for the team to attain clear, shared and attainable goals, which are essential in ensuring patients receive the best possible care. NMC (2004) Todays practitioners increasingly require the skills and knowledge to base care on best evidence, to use critical thinking and demonstrate advance leadership and decision making skills, to develop and enhance services in a more complex and diverse healthcare environment. Casey and Clark (2009) Critical thinking, is a skill that is defined by Wilkinson (1969) as both an attitude and a reasoning process that involves several intellectual skills. Taylor (2006) Described critical thinking as the rational examination of ideas, inferences, principles, arguments, conclusions, issues, statements, beliefs and actions also referred to as clinical reasoning, clinical decision making and clinical judgement. (Toofany, 2008) In todays healthcare environment things are ever changing and so is the information that the medical, clinical and multidisciplinary teams have to analyse. This information has to be critically analysed, weighing up the evidence and arguments that support such information, research suggests, that many newly qualified nurses and students lack the skills acquired to think critically (Shell 2001). According to Luckowski (2003), critical thinking is a skill that all newly registered nurses must have if they are to succeed in nursing. The need to solve problems in clinical practice (Ferrario 2004), is a skill that is necessary for the development of implementing theory to practice. Once qualified the new practitioner will have to think on her feet, critical thinking requires her to make decisions about patient care and to solve problems, these are complex cognitive experiences that nurses have to carry out quickly. There are structured care approaches such as, Integrated care pathways (ICPs) , protocols and algorithms these are effective tools that will help new nurses and students to learn to be critical thinkers. Intuition, according to Smith (2009) has its place in nursing, this is the emotional side of critical thinking, and is an important part of decision making when looking after a patient. There is considerable debate about this skill has been linked to expertise and the knowledge of a good nurse, There have been a plethora of research carried out on this subject without any conclusive evidence to disregard it as a skill. Acknowledging intuition is a challenge for nurses, educators and researches, because it is difficult concept to put into words and measure. Rew and Barrow (2007) Turnbull (1999) called intuition the neglected source of knowledge striving for legitimacy. Benner`s (1984) From Novice to Expert, is a model that is used as the conceptual framework for nursing research on clinical expertise and the use of intuition. ( King and Clark 2002,as cited in Smith 2009) Communication, one of the main skills that a newly qualified nurse can excel in immediately after training, a good handover, passing on messages such as doctors orders, blood results, listening to what patients are saying and also what they are not saying, body language, telephone calls, information appertaining to the patient in her care, this skill may be intrinsic but it can also be a learned skill. There are many theories and models on communication, much has been written about this subject models such as, `The Circular Transactional Model of Communication`, (Bateson 1979), and a `Skill Model of Interpersonal Communication` Hargie Dickson 2004) to name only two of them. (Timmons McCabe 2009) The theories and models may not have a direct influence on how the nurse communicates with her patient, but by reading them it allows discussion and in a nursing context this could illustrate a difference between a task centred approach or a patient centred approach when dealing with her patients. Communication is one of the most important skills a nurse can learn, its one of the first lessons taught at the beginning of her training and carries on for the rest of her nursing profession. According to ( Hinchliff et al 2008pg194) Clear communication is essential to an effective and ethical professional relationship. A nurse uses this skill consciously and unconsciously every day of her professional life. To be an effective communicator and have the patients best interests, the nurse must communicate openly and honestly, this may not only be with the patient and their family, but other members of the multidisciplinary teams. A registered nurse must develop a range of communication skills, styles, and technique to best suit her patients needs. There also needs to be good communication between the multidisciplinary teams, poorly written information about a patient could have an effect on the outcome of a patients care. NMC Guidelines for records and record keeping (2004), state tha t, Good record keeping is a mark of a skilled and safe practitioner, It is also a fundamental part of nursing, which carries a legal responsibility as patients records are part of the key evidence if a case goes to a court of law.(Hinchliff 2008). A professional nurse may on occasions find herself involved in situations where they may be called to give witness under oath; this is when the skill of good accurate record keeping plays a pivotal role. Active listening skills are an important skill, establishing a rapport with a patient just stopping for a moment and giving them eye contact smiling and asking open and closed questions will allow the patient to trust the nurse this in turn may reduce the patients anxiety levels and allow the patient to see that they are not just an illness but an individual, thus a therapeutic relationship may develop. (McCabe 2004: Astedr-Kurki and Haggman-Laitila 1992; Williams 1998) A nurse also has to be patient centred in her approach to planning, implementing and evaluating patient care, showing qualities of empathy warmth, genuineness, all the following skills are also essential; Self Awareness and Assertiveness are skills that the newly qualified nurses have to develop, the need to understand themselves and be aware of their own feelings, actions, values, attitudes, beliefs and how they influence relationships and interactions with others. A nurse cannot understand others until they themselves are self aware. Self-awareness is a lifelong process and requires the individual to look inside themselves and reflect take on board feedback from others. Senge (2006) Assertiveness, another valuable skill in the element of communication Balzer-Riley (2000) suggests that assertiveness is the ability to express thoughts feelings and ideas without undue anxiety or having a negative effect on others. To have leadership skills nurses must be more assertive, it is well documented (McCabeTimmins 2006) that in the past most nurses tended to take a submissive role in communication behaviour, todays nurse with good mentorship and support can be frank, flexible and open-minded and with the right encouragement can motivate and encourage others, without being confrontational or challenging, this can work in the patients best interest to have a confident practitioner. Self- regulation; this is the component of emotional intelligence that enables the individual to be reasonable in the workplace, with appropriate control over feelings and impulses; they are open to change and have the capacity to create environments of trust and fairness. Motivation: driven by not only external incentives such individuals are uniquely internally motivated and will display both innate optimism and organisational commitment. Empathy; this is an essential component, which enables one to understand both the needs of the user of the service and also those of the providers. Social skills; enables the individual to find common ground and manage relationships. (Timmins McCabe 2009) Responsibility is a duty for which one is responsible, while accountability relates to the fact that one can be called to account for ones actions with regard to a duty. Nursing midwifery council, states that a practitioner may be expected to delegate to others who are not registered nurses, they may be health care assistants, (HCAs) or students, but the practititioner still remains accountable for the appropriateness of the delegation. NMC (2004). Delegation is the transfer of selected tasks and responsibility for completion of tasks to another person and retaining supervision and accountability for that activity (Hansten and Jackson 2004). Delegation is a skill that a new nurse may have to use from day one in her job, she may find herself delegating a task to health care assistances (HCAs) or a student, this may seem inappropriate as the HCA probably has much more knowledge of the task than the new nurse. What a new nurse or in fact any nurse has to weigh up when delegating the task to another is, does this person have the right skills and competence to carry out the task delegated to them, has this person had training to carry out the task, who is liable if any harm befalls the patient or the carers, the person who carried out the task? or the person who delegated the task? The law will state that due to professional accountability, only responsibility can be delegated to others, accountability and liability cannot be delegated. (Cornock 2008) This means that even though the individual took the task on, they may state, that they lacked the authority, knowledge and experience to carry out the task, even though the stud ent/ HCA have took responsibility for the task. The nurse who delegated must from a legal perspective remain nearby to monitor the task, and to offer advice if needed. In America, The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (1995), brought about the `five rights of delegation` these are The right task, The right circumstances, From the right person, With the right communication, With the right supervision. The NMC (2007b) also reflect on this advice with regards to delegation, as delegation is a skill that will develop over time with the right mentorship and guidance. (Hinchcliff 2009) As the new practitioners confidence in her experiences, abilities and competence in the field she has chosen, grows, mentoring will be the next stage of her development. Mentoring whether its formal or informal is one of the important roles that every nurse has to take part in. The NMC (2006) states that, nurses who take the role of mentors must be registered with the NMC and be on the same part of the register as the students they assess, the mentor must be on the register for at least 12 months and have completed an NMC approved mentor preparation course, (PA, Panther 2008). The NMC (2004 4.3) states that the practitioner must communicate effectively to others and share knowledge, skill and expertise with other members of the team as required for the benefit of patients. The course is a ten day program following the publication of the NMC, Standards to Support Learning and assessment in Practice (NMC 2006) Reflection, just like clinical skills reflection needs to be learned, it is an activities that is central to a nurses professional practice. Johns (2000) stated; Reflection is a window that the nurse can view and concentrate on herself within the context of her lived experience, this will help her to confront and understand the problem and work towards resolving it within her practice of what she has done and what she would like to do better. When carrying out tasks with the patient although the nurse does her best, using reflective practice she can look back and see how she could have made this event better for the patient, it may identify a lack of knowledge or a skill that needs to be practiced for the future care of a patient. There are several models of reflection (e.g. Gibbs 1988, Johns 2000, Taylor 2006,) these models help the practitioner by asking structured questions about their experiences in clinical practice which prompt the practitioner to remember certain aspects of th e event e.g. who, what, where and when, these questions are a catalyst for the practitioner. When reflection forms part of a structured learning experience then theory and practice become more integrated and theory informs practice and practice informs theory. (Clark et al, 2001), (Fowler, 2006). The purpose of this assignment was to examine how registered nurses develop appropriate leadership skills, and how this can be implemented in improving a patients care requirements. The NMC states that as a practitioner you must keep your knowledge and skills up to date throughout your working life, this will be helped by carrying out Personal Development Portfolios and following the Knowledge and Skills Framework, as this can benefit the practitioner by highlighting abilities, achievements and experiences. Also the portfolio can show the development of analytical skills through reflective study. The practitioner will need to acquire and develop the skills and attributes required to deal with a range of new and emerging nursing responsibilities in todays healthcare. Nurses who are competent in the skills of leadership will be able to plan and design the way care is delivered in the future, this will achieve the goals of the health service providers and improve patient care outcomes. REFERENCES LEADERSHIP 2010 Astedt-Kurki, P Haggman-Laitila, A (1992) Good Nursing Practice as Perceived by Clients: A starting point for the development of professional nursing. Journal of Advance Nursing, 17 (10), 1195-9 Balzer Riley J. (2000) Communication in Nursing, 4th edn. Mosby, St. Louis. Bateson G. (1979) Mind and Nature. Dutton New York. Benner P. (1984) From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice. Addison-Wesley, Menio Park Ca. as cited in; Smith A (2009) Exploring the legitimacy of intuition as a form of nursing knowledge. Nursing Standard 6 vol 23 no 40 pg 35-39 Benton T. 2005) Airforce Officers Guide. 34th ed. Mechanicburg, PA: Stackpole Books. As Cited in Grimm JW. (2010) Effective Leadership: Making The Difference. Journal of Emergency Nursing. Vol 36 (1) pg 74-77. Casey D, Clark, L. (2009) Professional development for registered nurses. Nursing Standard vol 24 No 15-17 pg, 35-38. Clark A. Dooher J. Fowler J. (2001) The Handbook of Practice and Development. Dinton: Quay Books. Cook, M. (2001).   The renaissance of clinical leadership.   International Nursing as cited in Cornock M. (2008) Where the buck stops. Nursing Standard 12, 17 vol 23 no 15-17 Department of Health (DoH) (2004) The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework. London Department of Health Ellis P. Abbot J. (2009) How to succeed as a new renal nurse manager. Journal of Renal Nursing 1 (2): 93-96. Faugier, J. and Woolnough, H. (2002).   National nursing leadership programme.   Mental Health Practice, 6 (3): 28-34. Ferrario CG. (2004) Developing clinical reasoning stratergies: cognitive shortcuts. Journal for Nurses in Staff development 20, 5, pg 229-235. Fowler J. (2006) The impotance of reflective practicefor nurses and prescibers. Nurse Prescribing. 4. 103-6. Gibbs G. (1988) Learning by Doing: A Guid to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford; Further Education Unit, Oxford Polytechnic. Goffee R. Jones G. (2000) Why should anyone be led by you? Havard Buisness Review. 78(5) 63-70 Grimm JW. (2010) Effective Leadership: Making The Difference. Journal of Emergency Nursing. Vol 36 (1) pg 74-77. Hansten R, Jackson M. (2004). Clinical delegation skills: A Handbook for Professional Practice, 3rd edn. Aspen Publication, New York, as cited in Timmins F. McCabe C. (2009) Day Surgery Contemporary Approaches to Nursing Care Wiley-Blackwell UK.pg. 112. Hargie O. Dickson D. (2004) Skilled Interpersonal Communication: Research Theory and Practice. Routlege. Sussex. Hczynski A. Buchanan D. (1991) Organisational Behaviour: An Introductory Text 2nd edn. Prentice Hall. London. Hinchliff, S. Norman S, Schober, J. (2008) Nursing Practice and Health Care. A Foundation Text 5th ed Hodder Arnold. London. Johns C. (2000) Becoming a Reflective Practitioner: A Reflective Holistic Approach to Clinical Nursing Practice Development and Clinical Supervision. Oxford; Blackwell Science King L. Clark JM. (2002) Intuition and development of expertise in surgical ward and intensive care nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 37, 4. 322-29 Kouzes JM. Posner BZ. (2002) The leadership challenge; How to keep getting things done in organisations. Jossy-Bass. San Francisco. Luckowski A. (2003) Concept Mapping as a critical thinking tool for nurse educators. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development. 195. 225-230 McCabe C. (2004) Nurse-Patient communication: An exploration of Patients experiences, Journal of Clinical Nursing 13,41-9 Nursing Midwifery Council NMC (2004) Guidelines for records and record keeping. Nursing and Midwifery Council Nursing Midwifery Council NMC (2006). The PREP Handbook. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC), (2006). Standards to Support Learning and assessment in Practice London: Nursing and Midwifery Council Nursing Midwifery Council NMC (2007b). Advice on Delegation for NMC Registrants: A-Z Advice Sheet, London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. Pa, A. Panther, W. (2008) Professional development and the role of mentorship. Nursing Standared. 6, 25, 22, pg 35- Rew L, Barrow EM. (2007) State of the science: intuition in nursing, a generation of studying the phenomenon. Advances in Nursing Science. 30, 1. E15-25 Senge PM. (2006) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation. Random House Business, London. Shell R. (2001). Percieved barriers to teaching for critical thinking skill by BSN Nursing Faculty. Nursing Health Care Perspective . 22. 6. pg286-89 Smith A (2009) Exploring the legitimacy of intuition as a form of nursing knowledge. Nursing Standard 6 vol 23 no 40 pg 35-39 Taylor BJ. (2006) Reflective Practice: A Guide for Nurses and Midwives. Open University Press. Maidenhead. Timmins F. McCabe C. (2009) Day Surgery Contemporary Approaches to Nursing Care Wiley-Blackwell UK. Toofany S. (2008) Critical thinking among nurses. Nursing Management vol 14 No9 Feb (2008) pg28-31 Turnbull J. (1999) Intuition in nursing relationships: the result of skills or qualities? British Journal of Nursing 8,5, 302-306 Williams, A.M. (1998) The delivery of quality nursing care:A grounded theory study of the nurses perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 808-16

Broken Glass Essay -- Essays Papers

Broken Glass The Glass Menagerie refers to the fragile world of dreams, and illusion. Within the play Williams uses characters who face solitary struggles in an emotionally, physically, and financially starved surrounding. During the course of the play, a glass unicorn gets broken, symbolizing the fragile nature of a dream world. It's more than coincidental that the play's title refers to the collection of glass animals that belongs to Laura. The title of the play gives symbolism to the lives of Tom, Laura, and Amanda. To find relief from his boring, tedious and stressful life along with his mother's constant nagging abuse, Tom goes to movies "nobody goes to the movies night after night" (1874) and dreams about future adventures for himself. To...

Patrol Officers

Patrol Officers are not assigned a case to try and solve. In most major cities police departments have enough personal to cover every aspect of a crime, however, the role of the patrol officer during investigations has increased. On page 23, in the book, under the patrol officer as an investigator, it mentions that the role of the patrol officer has been limited, however, as time continues that same role seem to increase. The role of the patrol officer has taken over some of the same responsibilities as the investigators have.Such as providing immediate assistance to victims, locates witness, and interviews both victims and witnesses. Also, the patrol officer has the authority to initiate and complete investigations of certain classifications of crime. With all of the changes to the role of the patrol officer, there have been numerous benefits that have been noticed, such as, the cases are handled expeditiously, relations within the department have improved, morale problems have decr eased, and an increase in the investigator productivity because they have more time to focus on high profile cases.The benefit that really stands out to me is the fact that the investigator can really focus on his case loads, because he is not overwhelmed, which results in a benefit to the community as well as the entire department. The last thing a police department wants to do is give enough time for the same crime to happen again, causing the community to really question if the police can protect them. With crimes being solved a quick basis, it sends a message, if you want to do the crime, you will get caught and put in jail. The job of a patrol officer is to patrol an assigned area to protect the members of that area from any crimes that may occur.I was reading through the book and searching online, it seems to me that the patrol officer do most of the leg work in solving the crime. Let me explain, what I mean is that the patrol officers are the muscle, and the detectives are th e brains of the operation, which in many ways it make sense. I am not trying to say that patrol officers would not be able to solve the crime, but the standard patrol officer does not have the time to run down potential suspects or witnesses, they are to busy patrolling there assigned area and protecting those citizens from future crimes.In fact, I went online to the following website, http://law. jrank. org/pages/1655/Police-Criminal-Investigations-structure-criminal-investigations. html, and on the end of the second paragraph, they had mentioned that the patrol officer will go and make the arrest, but they are not the one solving the crime. How can they? They come to work every day and patrol a assigned area, if there is a murder that happens or crime of any sort, there job is to fill out a report and turn it over to someone that qualified or trained to handle those type of crimes.As I was reading the article online, it was very informative in the role of the patrol officer. The p atrol officer really doesn’t come into play until the second stage of an investigation. The second stage consists of gathering evidence, arresting the culprit and gathering witness for the crime. In many smaller communities the role of the patrol officer is much greater mainly because they may not have a detective on the payroll, or a whole team of detectives that can come and solve the crime, so, the patrol officer is responsible for gathering enough information to try and solve the crime.The role of the patrol officer stops at gathering evidence, and speaking to witnesses. It is not the responsibility of the patrol officer to work with the prosecution; normally any detectives that have been assigned to the case will work with the prosecution to solve the crime. The goal of a patrol officer is to come to the scene, ask if anyone saw anything, speak to all the potential witnesses and go through the crime scene for any evidence that they may come across, and then they don†™t get involved again until there needs to be a arrest made.Overall, I think that patrol officers being given more responsibility is a benefit not just to the people of the community but to the department. It sends a message to the people that they live in a safe place. Which for many people that little bit of reassurance is all they need to be happy. Nobody wants to live in a bad place, or a place they feel is dangerous. Also, with expanding the role of the patrol officer, this is very beneficial with today’s economy. I never think you can put a price on protecting the people, but, the sad reality is that in today’s economic times, we have to.To hire a new recruit comes a price, it is just easier for the community of the patrol officers to be expected to do more. In most cases these officers want to do more to solve the crimes to put that faith back into the community that crimes will be resolved right away. Right when a crime happens, most people instantly become f earful that it will happen again, so, they become on edge, and question that the police will be able to catch the people that hurt them or robbed them. With crimes being solved right away, that puts the fear at ease and lets them know they are safe and it will not continue to happen.I was reading ahead a tad bit and came across theft that happens in banks,, and how those people are caught the same day. For me, that instantly puts my mind at ease. Years ago, one of the buildings I was working in, there was a theft that happened in the bank downstairs, and every got really nervous that the criminal may still be in the building. They caught him within hours and he was in the building. The thing I always try to remember, is that crime is going to happen, no matter were or when, but, it is how quickly we can solve it and restore that faith in the police within the community.

Free Essays on Effects Of Music On The Mind

Effects Of Music On The Mind Are people typically geniuses? Statistically, people probably are not. In fact, most people probably aren't even intellectually gifted at all. Most people are likely to be pretty much average, maybe a little bit above average, or a little below, but very average none the less. It is universally understood that people strive to learn to become wiser and more informed about the world around them. The more people learn, the more powerful they can become. It is the speed at which people learn that separates the geniuses from the average people and from the learning disabled. Geniuses don't run into problems while learning, because they learn very fast. It is everyone else that could really use help. One solid way to increase the speed at which people learn is with music. People learn through music and their minds grow faster because of it. Some music, when implemented properly, can have positive effects on learning and attitude. Music is a powerful thing, and when we understand its significance, it can bring dramatic changes both positive and negative into our lives. The earliest stages of learning for young children are the most important. The fundamentals of learning are instilled into a child at a very young age. How much importance is placed on these fundamentals can have dramatic affects on the future of the child's learning. Music, when applied in a constructive way, can have positive effects on a child's ability to learning and can help them in many ways. One way that music can make learning easier for a young child is by implementing music lessons into a child's normal activities. A small study was done two years back involving ten three-year-olds who were tested on their ability to put together a puzzle and the speed at which they could do it ("Learning Keys" 24). After the initial test was taken, five of the children were given singing lessons for 30 minutes a day and the other five were given piano le... Free Essays on Effects Of Music On The Mind Free Essays on Effects Of Music On The Mind Effects Of Music On The Mind Are people typically geniuses? Statistically, people probably are not. In fact, most people probably aren't even intellectually gifted at all. Most people are likely to be pretty much average, maybe a little bit above average, or a little below, but very average none the less. It is universally understood that people strive to learn to become wiser and more informed about the world around them. The more people learn, the more powerful they can become. It is the speed at which people learn that separates the geniuses from the average people and from the learning disabled. Geniuses don't run into problems while learning, because they learn very fast. It is everyone else that could really use help. One solid way to increase the speed at which people learn is with music. People learn through music and their minds grow faster because of it. Some music, when implemented properly, can have positive effects on learning and attitude. Music is a powerful thing, and when we understand its significance, it can bring dramatic changes both positive and negative into our lives. The earliest stages of learning for young children are the most important. The fundamentals of learning are instilled into a child at a very young age. How much importance is placed on these fundamentals can have dramatic affects on the future of the child's learning. Music, when applied in a constructive way, can have positive effects on a child's ability to learning and can help them in many ways. One way that music can make learning easier for a young child is by implementing music lessons into a child's normal activities. A small study was done two years back involving ten three-year-olds who were tested on their ability to put together a puzzle and the speed at which they could do it ("Learning Keys" 24). After the initial test was taken, five of the children were given singing lessons for 30 minutes a day and the other five were given piano le...

Chemical Composition of Petroleum

Chemical Composition of Petroleum Petroleum or crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. The composition varies widely depending on where and how the petroleum was formed. In fact, chemical analysis can be used to fingerprint the source of petroleum. However, raw petroleum or crude oil has characteristic properties and composition. Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil There are four main types of hydrocarbons found in crude oil. paraffins (15-60%)naphthenes (30-60%)aromatics (3-30%)asphaltics (remainder) The hydrocarbons primarily are alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Elemental Composition of Petroleum Although there is considerable variation between the ratios of organic molecules, the elemental composition of petroleum is well-defined: Carbon - 83 to 87%Hydrogen - 10 to 14%Nitrogen - 0.1 to 2%Oxygen - 0.05 to 1.5%Sulfur - 0.05 to 6.0%Metals - 0.1% The most common metals are iron, nickel, copper, and vanadium. Petroleum Color and Viscosity The color and viscosity of petroleum vary markedly from one place to another. Most petroleum is dark brown or blackish in color, but it also occurs in green, red, or yellow.

Any thing as long it has something to do with the study of Essay

Any thing as long it has something to do with the study of environmental hazards - Essay Example Various researches have indicated that the Amazon forest is shrinking. This is a serious environmental hazard as depletion of the Amazons leads to serious environmental outcomes. These outcomes have been detailed by Philip Fiernside in his article on Environmental Change and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Another article by Laurance, W.F and his fellow researchers published in Science Journal titled ‘The Future of the Brazilian Amazon’ discusses the same issue. These articles are critically analyzed in this paper. These articles is further compared and contrasted in this essay. The article on ‘Environmental Change and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon’ addresses the implications of Amazon rain forests depletion. This paper provided explicit information on the consequences of the rainforest depletion. This however does not provide additional information on available knowledge in the researched subject. For instance Dickinson (1981) has studied and documented he effects of tropical deforestation on climate. However, this paper was generic in comparison with Fearrside’s paper. The observations which were generically made by other researchers were specifically applied in the case of Amazon forests by Fearrside. Thus the findings of the paper are the reiteration of other researches done on the subject. The article is a paper presented at the Symposium on Change in the Amazon Basin, 44th International Congress of Americanists at Manchester (Fearnside, 1985). The article introduces data suggesting depletion of the Amazons. The paper in its introduction has referred to various other researches which have estimated the shrinkage of the rainforest. It also briefly discusses the causes of deforestation. Further, the paper explains the soil degradation concerns associated with deforestation. Leaching and Fixation of Nutrients, Soil Compaction and Clay Migration, Erosion, Laterization, Aerosol and Nutrient Supply are the concerns which are identified by the paper with regard to soil degradation (Fearnside, 1985). The research has also dealt with the production systems which are associated with the Amazons and the impact of deforestation over these also has been discussed. Agriculture, Fisheries and Forest Production in connection with the Amazons will be seriously affected (Fearnside, 1985). The macro ecological concerns posed by forest depletion have been also included in the paper. Similar studies has been conducted by Gomez-Pompa (1972) The most distinguishable feature of the paper on Environmental Change and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is that while covering the impact of deforestation, it has covered a wide range of concerns. The paper is thus interdisciplinary in nature. It has covered the direct environmental issues using quantitative data from other researches. More indirect impacts like the concerns over production systems have been dealt both quantitatively and qualitatively. The coverag e of Macro-ecological concerns gives more depth to the research. Issues like that of the indigenous people also have been dealt in the paper. This sociological approach makes the paper interdisciplinary and wider in its approach. This approach of the paper fills the gap that earlier researches have left with. Most of the studies prior to this study focused on evidences for ecological damages that deforestation causes. However, the fact that the adverse impacts on

Contract Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract Law - Assignment Example The question that needs to be determined in the sale transaction between Tom representing the Buyer and Max representing the Seller is whether Tom, in making the payment of 28,000 pounds has paid up in full according to the contractual terms, or whether Buyer will be liable to pay the additional amount of 2800 pounds that is being claimed by Seller, as a function of a small price rise that is sanctioned under the terms of its standard sale/purchase agreement that Tom has filled up when placing the order for the equipment. Contractual validity: In order for a contract to be valid, â€Å"there must be a definite offer mirrored by a definite acceptance.†1 In the case of Harvey v Facey2 a telegram sent by Facey confirming price was deemed not to be an offer3, however in the instant case, the Buyer (Tom) has made a definite offer to purchase the hydraulic jack system for the price listed (28,000 pounds) in the brochure while the Seller (Max) has orally agreed to supply the goods at the agreed list price of 28,000 pounds. Therefore, a contract has come into being and Max’s acceptance of the contract may be seen by his action in going ahead with the manufacture of the Hercules equipment.

Unit 3 Discussion 2 Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 3 Discussion 2 - Annotated Bibliography Example Gray, S. (2012). A Study of Negotiation styles between business managers from UK and Indian cultural backgrounds. Dissertation paper presented to University of Wolverhampton Business School. West Midlands. https://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/48611/Culture%20Dissertation%20by%20Sasha%20Gray.pdf?sequence=1 The above research paper researches aims at developing an in depth understanding of the culture led differences in business negotiation styles in India and UK. The paper begins by defining culture to create an understanding of its implication to different areas of life including business. Data analyzed in the paper shows that there is a significant difference in how business people in India and UK want to be treated and thus it is important to understand these differences for effective negotiation. The paper generally recommends a more conservative form of business negotiation style in India than in the UK. The above book by Kumar and Worm seeks to advice people who intend to venture in emerging economies such as India and China on how to effectively negotiate in these two cultures. The book offers extensive coverage of the culture differences between the West and these two Asian economic giants. The book recommends that business negotiators must appreciate the culture differences in these countries and their home countries in order to succeed in business. The conduct of diplomacy in the 21st century has been affected by new forms of challenges that arise from globalization and interdependence among nations. Diplomacy has gotten intensive, volatile, plural-directional and multifaceted. This is as a result of the large numbers of objectives, ways of communication, dialogues subjects and the heightened complexity in terms of factors. Having been written by a Foreign Service expert and leading scholar, this book analyses all these factors

Liberation Theology Essay Example for Free

Liberation Theology Essay Liberation Theology is a notion born out of the painful colonial legacy of Latin America. Despite gaining evidence from their colonial masters, the Spanish, the new leaders behaved like the former colonial masters. This is the legacy left behind the the colonizers. The tactic of divide and conquer where they favored the local elites and marginalized the majority who are shunted to the lower strata of society, thereby creating a caste system of sorts that saw an unequal distribution of wealth made even worse by American intervention through â€Å"Dollar Diplomacy† and at the height of the Cold War, supported right-wing dictatorships which they saw as the â€Å"lesser evil† as opposed to local communist movements in the name of containment. Whether working with Marxist guerrilla movements or acting independently, Liberation Theology in name began around the 1950s though it had been around much longer. This concept combined Christian teachings with Marxist doctrine. As the name suggests, it is meant to â€Å"liberate† the poor, not only spiritually but materially from their plight (Petrella vii). Liberation Theologists put forward the idea of Jesus Christ as a â€Å"real† liberator who came to free the masses from their plight since is stated in the Bible that â€Å"Blessed are the lowly; they shall inherit the land. † (New American Bible, Matt. 5:5). It can be inferred here that there is more to Jesus in his role as the Savior or Messiah. Liberation Theologists encouraged many to read the Bible but at the same time â€Å"read between the lines† to see that Christ empowers or encourages believers to fight for social justice and give preference to the poor for they are the ones who have less in life. In a way, Christianity is empowering the masses since the elite-backed regimes will not. As a result, the Bible is therefore interpreted in a different way and clerics who subscribe to Liberation Theology end up siding with armed rebel groups in a rather awkward partnership that puts them in a very comprosing situation as far as their vocations are concerned. The rationale is that the governments, supported by the elites represent the hypocrites Christ rebuked in the Bible and His notion that the â€Å"kingdom of heaven is at hand† is seen in a Marxist context as the time to rise up and be truly free from poverty and oppression. However, Liberation Theology was not without its critics. The Catholic Church itself, led by the Pope (John Paul II), strongly ctiricized Liberation Theologists for hijacking Christian teachings to serve political purposes, especially Marxism. They criticize its rather ironic collusion with Marxism which opposes any form of religion, calling it an â€Å"opiate† of society in giving false hopes or a vehicle of deceit to keep the masses poor. The Church has not forgotten the â€Å"sins† of Marxism in persecuting religion and therefore regards it as â€Å"evil† and those who subscribe to Liberation Theology could be considered being on the wrong side of history, if not faith. The Bible again is used to disprove the notion of Liberation Theologists when Christ rebuked Peter by saying, â€Å"Get out of my sight, Satan! You are not judging by Gods standards but by mans† (Matt. 16:23). Furthermore, Christ also said to â€Å"Give to Caesar what is Caesars, but give to God what is Gods† (Matt. 22:21). It can be inferred here that the Church hierarchy does not approve of the supposed â€Å"well-meaningness† of clerics subscribing to this notion of Christ as a revolutionary for the Church as always upheld that Christ came to save mankind from the wages of sin which is death, not to lead a revolt and become a king in a temporal sense (Petrella 121-122). It also did not help with the fact that socialist regimes began collapsing in Eastern Europe following the collapse of the Berlin Wall which symbolized the separation between democratic and non-democratic regimes, culminating with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the â€Å"heart and soul† of Marxism. With the lose of their chief sponsor, Marxist regimes, even those in Latin America, fell and along with it the loss of credibility of Liberation Theology. In addition, the Church itself has adapted liberationist notions that are pro-poor and even created councils and commissions that address the needs of the margnialized peoples of the world, further emasculating Liberation Theologists and taking away what ever power or influence they have in stirring up the masses (Petrella 2, 121-122). At this point, one would wonder where would Liberation Theology go from here. According to Ivan Petrella, Liberation Theology must reinvest itself to ensure its continued relevance and not become an anachronism. He further stated that the present is the opportune time to begin, especially in this day and age of globalization. Much of the world is trying to be competitive to meet world-class standards but the flaw seen here is that this competitiveness would leave behind those who cannot keep up and will therefore be marginalized. However, he pointed out that the current approach they are taking to reinvent themselves are incorrect or improper and in his work, The Future of Liberation Theology, he showed the shortcomings of Liberation Theologists in their attempt to reinvent itself. One attempt to reinvent itself is to reassert its core ideas but at the same time distancing itself from Marxism where it is often associated, especially the growing inequality caused by globalization makes it even more relevant than ever (Petrella 3). One of the mistakes in this approach is that Liberation Theologists seem to have difficulty spearating itself from its Marxist ties as it still continues to see things through the prism of Marxism in their pursuit of social justice. It still maintains its antagonistic stance towards capitalism, thereby becoming more of a hindrance on the ideal essence of Liberation Theology which truly views it from a Christian perspective (Petrella 69). Furthermore, Liberation Theologists have not provided their own model society which is still tied to Marxist utopia – a classless society. In their attempt to reassert their ideas, Liberation Theologists fail to come up with an approptiate response to the cooption of their ideas by democratic institutions and even by the Church. It further contributed to the cooption by eliminating the dichotomy created by the â€Å"old school† Liberation Theologists but unfortunately failed to capitalize on it as it was seized by its perceived â€Å"enemies† especially in the part where the distinction between reform and revolution becomes blurred and its â€Å"enemies† realize that the ideas of Liberation Theology are â€Å"useful† to their purposes without worrying about revolution which is anathema to them and emphasizing the reform component (Petrella 122-123). What is proposed is that Liberation Theologists should reorient their way of thinking where they should stop regarding the concept of liberation as a theme but a guiding principle and must be politically neutral. This way, it can be employed by any political ideology that has social justice in its agenda and is not strictly limited to Marxism or socialism for that matter (Petrella 4). Petrella also encourages an open-minded appraoch for Liberation Theologists in order to remain relevant. He argued that democracy and especially capitalism, is not one-dimensional as they usually regard it to be but rather multi-dimensional. Capitalism in the United States is different from that of Germany and Japan and should not be generalized or viewed in absolute terms. Another point Petrella raised that supports Liberation Theologys continued relevance is that it can still transform society though not in a sweeping manner but in a methodical manner by changing the laws of society rather than calling for defiance or revolution, let alone activism (124). It can be surmised that what Petrella is suggesting is that Liberation Theology do away with revolution and even â€Å"civil disobedience† as the approach but rather work within the system. Liberation Theologists should find allies in mainstream politics whose ideology and platform are attuned to theirs and create an alliance with them. By doing this, they not only scored a moral victory but a political victory as well, something that has eluded them for decades of trying with revolutionary movements. Borrowing ideas from noted Liberation Theologist Leonardo Boff, Liberation Theology is all about mediation – to know and understand oppression and societys ills, reorienting it in a Biblical context without trying to intertwine it with Marxism and through this purview come up with appropriate measures to address these problems short of fomenting unrest and revolution. In conclusion, by looking at Petrellas proposed solution, Liberation Theology stands a chance of living up to its true billing. But as he warned, it must really distance itself from Marxism, the first challenge and really look at problems from Christian context free of any ideology. Rather, it political ideologies must be assimilated by it rather than the other way around and by doing do, become part of mainstream politics in the pursuit of real social justice as Christian teachings define it. Works Cited Petrella, Ivan. The Future of Liberation Theology. Hampsihre: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2004.